RSS:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
From Mass Spec Terms
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
RSS Feed
- In This Issue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-13 08:00:00
- Linking culture and individual behavior: The concept and measurement of cultural consonance
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCulture is the shared knowledge that enables individuals in society to function in a manner acceptable within that society. This knowledge is encoded in cultural models: simplified, schematic mental representations of salient domains of life, ... - — William W. DressleraDepartment of Anthropology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 2026-01-02 08:00:00
- Can paleontologists pinpoint the dawn of the dinosaurs?
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Amy McDermott 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Implementing the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Targets
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
The Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Targets present the most ambitious and serious conservation agenda ever developed—the overarching goal of preserving 30% of the planet by 2030. An organizational framework is now in place to deliver stable, predictive, ... - — John L. GittlemanStuart L. PimmBerndt J. Van RensburgKyle S. Van HoutanCallum M. RobertsaNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708bOdum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602cConservation Ecology Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricadSchool of The Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaeDepartment of Z... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- ADAR-GPT: A continually fine-tuned language model for predicting A-to-I RNA editing sites
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceA-to-I RNA editing by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes reshapes the transcriptome and holds great promise for therapeutic RNA design, yet identifying which adenosines are edited remains a central challenge. We present Adar-GPT,... - — Zohar RosenwasserRoni Cohen-FultheimMichael LevittErez Y. LevanonGal OrenaFaculty of Life Sciences, The Mina and Everard Goodman, Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelbDepartment of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cComputer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Cerebellar Purkinje cell firing reduction contributes to aging-related declining motor coordination in mice
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceAging-related reductions in motor coordination can lead to falls in the elderly, which increase morbidity and mortality. Despite this, the cerebellum, a brain region critically involved in motor coordination, has been little studied in aging. ... - — Eviatar FieldsBen C. RogersTsz Chui Sophia LeungAndy HuangMegan KernNell KontowiczHannah DolinAlanna J. WattaIntegrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, CanadabDepartment of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada 2026-01-02 08:00:00
- Estimating US savings on outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals from international reference pricing
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificancePrescription pharmaceutical costs in the United States (US) are among highest in the world, placing substantial financial strain on patients, public insurance programs, and private payers. International reference pricing, pegging US drug ... - — Yang YeAbhishek PandeyMeagan C. FitzpatrickLilia Potter-SchwartzCarolyn BawdenBilori BiloriBurton H. SingerAlison P. GalvaniaCenter for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510bCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201cGriffin Hospital, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Derby, CT 06418dDepartment of Mathematics, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gaine... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Primate gut microbiota induce evolutionarily salient changes in mouse neurodevelopment
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCompared to other primates, humans have remarkably large brains relative to their body sizes. The resultant high demands for glucose may have been supported by changes in the gut microbiota (GM), which can influence host metabolism. In this ... - — Alex R. DeCasienJacob E. AronoffElizabeth K. MallottSahana KuthyarSriram ChittaBrian T. LaydenMaria L. Savo SardaroStanton GrayLawrence E. WilliamsEmma R. LiechtyHyo M. LeeWon LeeJames P. CurleyChristopher W. KuzawaKatherine R. AmatoaComputational and Evolutionary Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892bSection on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892cDepartment of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003d... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Constitutively high levels of endogenous soluble ST2 inhibit food allergic responses in mice
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceIL-33-membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) signals regulate various biological processes, including inflammation, infection, and tissue homeostasis. Based on previous studies using ST2-Fc, a mimicry of soluble ST2 (sST2), sST2 is thought to be a decoy ... - — Mayuki KojimaKumi IzawaTomoaki AndoKeiko MaedaAyako KaitaniNobuhiro NakanoRisa YamamotoShunichi MiyazakiMayu ShinagawaMio SasakiAnna KameiAkie MaeharaNaoko NegishiHiromichi YamadaShino UchidaEisuke InageYoshikazu OhtsukaSusumu NakaeHideoki OgawaKo OkumuraHiromichi ShojiToshiaki ShimizuJiro KitauraaAtopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, JapanbDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medic... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Long-term effects of forty-hertz auditory stimulation as a treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Insights from an aged monkey model study
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceAlthough 40-Hz physical stimulation shows therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in rodents, translational validation in nonhuman primates is critical. We applied 40-Hz auditory stimulation on nine aged rhesus monkeys and monitored ... - — Wenchao WangRongyao HuangLongbao LvXia MaZhenhui LiYuhua ZhangJing WuShihao WuJianglei XuYingzhou HuChristoph W. TurckHao LiXintian HuaState Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunmin 650201, ChinabNational Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chine... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Sex-allocation trade-offs and their genetic architecture revealed by experimental evolution
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe theory of sex allocation has successfully predicted the sex ratios of species with separate sexes, but its assumption of a direct genetic trade-off between investment toward male versus female fitness has resisted empirical demonstration ... - — Jörn F. GerchenNora Villamil-BuenrostroXinji LiEhouarn Le FaouJohn R. PannellaDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Prior novelty invigorates future mesolimbic target detection
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceSurviving in dynamic environments requires coordinated neural mechanisms to detect, learn from, and respond to change. However, neural regions that support novelty detection and goal-oriented behavior have yet to be described as a sequential ... - — Blake L. ElliottKathleen J. O’BrienMatthew FainLauren M. EllmanVishnu P. MurtyaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122bDepartment of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403cDepartment of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Molecular basis of the higher-order assembly of CatSper
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCatSper is an essential ion channel that mediates Ca2+influx during sperm hyperactivation, a vital step for successful fertilization. Defective CatSper channels are associated with male infertility. CatSper oligomerizes to form quadrilinear ... - — Qikui XuShiyi LinQingqing ZhaoYanfei RuHang KangXuhui ZengMin JiangZhen YanJianping WuaState Key Laboratory of Gene Expression, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, ChinabZhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, ChinacWestlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, ChinadInstitute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejia... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Timing and magnitude of the Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe rise of atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) set the stage for the evolution of complex life. Co-eval marine carbonate sediments preserve a large and long-lived positive carbon isotope (δ13C) excursion, the Lomagundi–... - — Stacey EdmonsondBlake DyeraSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Hypersensitivity of chitin degradation to initial species densities due to monomer diffusion
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCompetitive interactions shape key metabolic processes in microbial communities. As a model to study these interactions, we examine microbes that degrade chitin—one of the most prevalent polysaccharides in nature. Our findings demonstrate that ... - — Sammy PontrelliGhita GuessousJulian TrouillonAswin KrishnaTerence HwaUwe SaueraInstitute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 3001, SwitzerlandbDepartment of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3001, BelgiumcFlanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Center for Microbiology, Leuven 3001, BelgiumdDepartment of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Income insufficiency impacts early brain development in infants facing increased psychosocial adversity: A network-based approach
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThis paper demonstrates the key role of adversity on the earliest stages of postnatal brain development. Data from the Baby Steps study, an ongoing longitudinal study collecting electroencephalography (EEG) and socioeconomic status related ... - — Haerin ChungCarol L. WilkinsonAsher LiuAlex Job SaidBrianna FrancisGabriela CañaveralKathleen ConroyHelen Tager-FlusbergCharles A. NelsonaDivision of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115bHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cDivision of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115dDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115eGraduate School of Education, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceTransporter proteins use energy to move molecular materials into and out of cells. To be efficient, the transporter motions responsible for moving the molecules must be tightly choreographed to avoid wasting energy without transporting ... - — Colin D. Kinz-ThompsonMaria Louisa Lopez-RedondoChristopher MulliganDavid B. SauerJennifer J. MardenJinmei SongEmad TajkhorshidJohn F. HuntDavid L. StokesJoseph A. MindellDa-Neng WangRuben L. GonzalezaDepartment of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027bDepartment of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016cDivision of Natural Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, United KingdomdDepartment of Biochemistry, Th... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Hydroxo-bridged active site of flavodiiron NO reductase revealed by NRVS and DFT
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceFlavodiiron proteins (FDPs) protect cells from nitric oxide (NO) toxicity by converting NO to harmless nitrous oxide (N2O) at a diiron active site. Despite extensive crystallographic and spectroscopic studies, the detailed structure and redox ... - — Filipe FolgosaVladimir PelmenschikovGiorgio CasertaMatthias KeckChristian LorentKonstantin LaunYoshitaka YodaLeland B. GeeMartin KauppKenji TamasakuJames A. BirrellIlya SergueevChristian LimbergMiguel TeixeiraLars LauterbachaInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras 2780-157, PortugalbInstitut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, GermanycDepartment of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, German... 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Biopsy-resolved cryo-EM structures of amyloid fibrils provide molecular insights into AL amyloidosis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDetermining amyloid fibril structures is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and guiding therapeutic development. However, most cryo-EM structures have been derived from postmortem tissues, leaving fibrils from living patients ... - — Yuxuan YaoQinyue ZhaoShun YaoYamei XuKaien LiuTianyi CaoBo SunJingmin ZhouCong LiuDan LiaBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinabZhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinacDepartment of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinadSt... 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Immature Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons control early embryo behavior via both synaptic and nonsynaptic GABA release
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceLittle is known about how prenatal circuits control embryo behavior. We show that the motion of earlyCaenorhabditis elegansembryos is transiently inhibited by immature GABAergic motor neurons that have not yet completed neurite outgrowth. ... - — James Marvel-CoenEvan ArdielJian ZhaoStephen NurrishJoshua M. KaplanaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114bDepartment of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cBehavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225dProgram in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Chlamydomonas chloroplast genes tolerate compression of the genetic code to just 51 codons
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceWe demonstrate the use of theChlamydomonaschloroplast genome as a synthetic biology platform to test radical compression of the universal genetic code. Genome engineering was used to generate strains in which 13 of the 64 possible triplet ... - — Pawel M. MordakaKitty CloustonJing CuiAndre HolzerHarry O. JacksonSaul PurtonAlison G. SmithaDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United KingdombDepartment of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United KingdomcHolzer Scientific Consulting GmbH, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Reconstructing the early spatial spread of pandemic respiratory viruses in the United States
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceEmerging respiratory viruses have caused two global pandemics in the last two decades. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of past pandemics is essential for preparedness; however, how A/H1N1 pandemic influenza and severe acute ... - — Renquan ZhangRui DengSitong LiuQing YaoJeffrey ShamanBryan T. GrenfellCécile ViboudSen PeiaSchool of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China 116024bDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032cColumbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025dDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544eFogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, ... 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Adult neural stem cells mediate hippocampal synapse elimination for circuit homeostasis through MERTK
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceAdult neural stem cells (NSCs) play important roles in the brain that extend beyond their function as a progenitor pool. Our study has shown that mice in which adult NSCs lack the phagocytic receptor MERTK display a reduced ability to ... - — Dezhe QinQiang LiuZiqi LiangHui CaiXing LuoMin WangWeixiang GuoaInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- USP25 inhibition ameliorates Parkinson’s disease by restoring mitophagy
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceRecently,Usp25, which encodes the deubiquitinating enzyme USP25, was identified as a new susceptibility locus for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the function of USP25 in PD remains unknown. In this study, we found that the PD-associated... - — Yanqi XuKeshuo JinJiaqing ChenZhongding LiZhenhu ZhuXian SuJiangyun ShenBincheng ZhouZijun CaoLiyan LouDeyu DengJianzhao ZhangBaohua LiuYangping ShentuXu WangaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, ChinabOujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325000, ChinacDepartment of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, ChinadDepartment of Pathology, The Fir... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Repeated losses of self-fertility shaped heterozygosity and polyploidy in yeast evolution
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceMating-type switching evolved multiple times in yeasts, enabling haploid selfing, which became a key feature of their sexual life cycles. We show that this trait has been lost repeatedly in the history ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, producing ... - — Nina VittorelliCintia Gómez-MuñozIrina AndriushchenkoLouis OllivierNicolas AgierStéphane DelmasYann CorbeauGuillaume AchazMarco Cosentino LagomarsinoGianni LitiBertrand LlorenteGilles FischeraSorbonne Université, CNRS, Computational, Quantitative and Synthetic Biology, CQSB, Paris F-75005, FrancebSorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, IBPS, Paris F-75005, FrancecCentre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie, Collège de France, Université PSL, CNRS, IN... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- The anticipation of imminent events is time-scale invariant
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceFrom everyday conversation to sports, to traffic, to music, people constantly predict when events will happen so they can prepare their next actions. This study examines how the brain makes such timing predictions over short periods of a few ... - — Matthias GrabenhorstDavid PoeppelGeorgios MichalareasaErnst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, GermanybDepartment of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt 60322, GermanycDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003dCoBIC, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60323, Germany 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificancePersistent neurological disease after COVID-19 is a major problem, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. Using mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, we show that infection confined to the respiratory tract triggers long-lasting loss of dopaminergic ... - — Abhishek Kumar VermaLu TanNoah SchusterSkyler L. MoyeLi-Chun LinShea LoweryEazhisaivallabi DuraisamiJuan E. Abrahante LlorénsQiang QiuMarco HeftiDavid K. MeyerholzMitchell C. ColemanC. Ron YuMark W. AlbersStanley PerlmanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242bIowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242cDepartment of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242dMinnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesot... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Effective chilling temperatures for dormancy release in extratropical forest trees increase from cold to warm regions
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceTrees rely on winter chilling to synchronize growth cycles with favorable conditions and prevent frost damage. However, current models assume that effective chilling occurs within a fixed temperature range. This assumption, based largely on ... - — Rui ZhangFucheng WangJinbin ZhengLei ChenHongshuang GuYu ZhaoYongshuo FuYann VitasseXinli ChenHeikki HänninenConstantin M. ZohnerJiasheng WuaState Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinabZhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinacKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Coll... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Cholesterol-containing lipid crystals can directly stiffen the rat steatotic liver before fibrosis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceTissue stiffening can contribute to liver fibrosis, but how lipid accumulation affects tissue stiffness in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. We find that dietary cholesterol-induced lipid crystals ... - — David LiAbigail E. LonekerYasmine SafraouJamie FordElaine MihelcSadatsugu SakaneTatiana KisselevaKandice R. LeventalIlya LeventalIngolf SackPaul A. JanmeyRebecca G. WellsaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bNSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dDepartme... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- O-acyltransferase genes involved in the production of volatile sex pheromones in Caenorhabditis elegans
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceAs a step toward identification of the volatile sex pheromones (VSPs) that attract males as well as to understand where and under what conditions they are produced, we sought to identify genes necessary for VSP production. We generated loss-of-... - — Xuan WanSarah M. CohenYan YuHenry Hoan LeHeenam ParkAlessandro GroazRachel MorenoMinyi TanJessica SchneiderMatthew R. GronquistRyoji ShinyaFrank C. SchroederPaul W. SternbergaDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125bBoyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853cNeuroscience and Behavior Department, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075dDepartment of Chemistry... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- T-bet-expressing Tr1 cells driven by dietary signals dominate the small intestinal immune landscape
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceEstablishing immunological tolerance to self and environmental antigens is critical for homeostasis. In the intestine, both dietary and microbiota-derived antigens are encountered by the immune system, which deploys a variety of mechanisms to ... - — Eduard AnsaldoDaniel YongNathan CarrilloTaryn McFaddenMahnoor AbidDan CorralClaudia RiveraTaylor FarleyNicolas BouladouxInta GribonikaYasmine BelkaidaMetaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892bUnite Metaorganisme, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris 75724, France 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Network structure shapes consensus dynamics through individual decisions
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDigital media and online social networks have upended how narratives are constructed and shared, shaping cognition and culture in unexpected ways. Individuals within these networks have increased narrative agency, which enables them to ... - — J. Hunter PriniskiBryce LinfordAnna HirschmannSai Krishna VenumuddalaFred MorstatterNancy RodriguezP. Jeffrey BrantinghamHongjing LuaDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309cViterbi School of Engineering, Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292dDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095eDepart... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Gender stereotypes across nations relate to the social position of women and men: Evidence from cross-cultural public opinion polls
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThis project addressed the content of gender stereotypes and its relation to the distribution of women and men into social roles in society. The data derived from worldwide public opinion poll data with samples from 1995 and 2023 that ... - — Christa NaterDavid I. MillerAlice H. EaglySabine SczesnyaDepartment of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, SwitzerlandbAmerican Institutes for Research, Washington, DC 20007cDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Unveiling a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanistic library of nitrate to ammonia via ultramicroelectrode-hyphenated mass spectrometry
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a sustainable route for ammonia synthesis and nitrogen recycling, but its complex network of proton-coupled electron transfer steps has hindered comprehensive mechanistic ... - — Xiang ZhaoChaoyue GuJunjie LiuBingjie KongSen LiangYang TianHongbing FuYuanhua ShaoaDepartment of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, ChinabBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinacState Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Optimizing mRNA delivery with targeted elastin-like polypeptide–based LENN formulations: Insights into the endocytosis mechanism
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceLipid nanoparticle and viral vectors are the most common mRNA delivery vehicles, however, they can face manufacturing, storage, efficacy, and safety challenges. We introduce layer-by-layer elastin-like polypeptide nucleic acid nanoparticle (... - — Saloni DarjiFeng QuMarissa HenagerAnkita PrasadBennett D. ElzeyChristina R. FerreiraDavid H. ThompsonaDepartment of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907bBindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907cDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Targeting C1q signaling in fibro-adipogenic progenitors prevents regenerative fibrosis of aged muscle
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceFibrosis in skeletal muscle impairs regeneration and function, especially with age, severe injury, or degenerative disease. In healthy muscle, fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) support muscle repair. However, under abnormal conditions, FAPs ... - — Abhijnya KanugoviPaola AguiariRachel ChoiSoochi KimDi WuAntoine De MorreeSummer BuiRichard LamStefano BiressiLing LiuThomas A. RandoaDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305bNeurology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304cDepartment of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024dEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, ... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Elucidating cooperative genetic events in DCIS progression in mutant p53–driven breast cancer
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a mammary precursor lesion with no clinical strategy to stratify indolent lesions from those that will become invasive, and the natural history of DCIS progression is unknown. The standard of care includes ... - — Rhiannon L. MorrisseyJoy M. McDanielGilda P. ChauXiaoping SuMitheera VVidhi ChandraBeverly R. E. A. DixonAdel K. El-NaggarAlastair M. ThompsonGuillermina LozanoaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030bDepartment of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030cDepartment of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX ... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Cell numbers contribute to cell fate during Ciona cardiopharyngeal mesoderm specification
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe control of cell numbers is essential to many developmental processes, but it has been relatively understudied. A clear example of this can be seen in heart development. Hearts develop from precursor cells called cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. ... - — Emily SingerHaram KimMichael S. LevineNicholas TreenaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Prevention of ubiquitination at K6 and K9 in mutant huntingtin exacerbates disease pathology in a knock-in mouse model
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceUbiquitination is a hallmark of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) aggregates, potentially preceding or promoting their degradation or accumulation. However, how specific ubiquitination events shape the fate of mHTT in vivo remains unclear. Here, using ... - — Pengfei QiLibo Yu-TaegerHezhou HanJunbo ZhouElisabeth Singer-MikoschNicolas CasadeiOlaf RiessNoam E. ZivAaron CiechanoverHoa Huu Phuc NguyenaDepartment of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44801, GermanybInstitute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 720176, GermanycNetwork Biology Research Laboratories, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, IsraeldThe Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institut... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Early life-stage thermal resilience is determined by climate-linked regulatory variation
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceBy comparing populations from distinct environments, we can determine the factors important for responses to environmental change. We used laboratory-based selection and whole-genome sequencing to uncover the genomic basis of embryonic heat ... - — Joaquin C. B. NunezSumaetee TangwancharoenKylie M. FinneganEliza M. BufferdOlin C. KingLuke A. ProudBrent L. LockwoodaDept. of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Domestication drives repeated evolution of sexual–asexual life cycle trade-offs in yeast
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceHumans have bred animals and crops for millennia by controlling their reproductive life cycles. By contrast, domestication of microbes often occurred unintentionally, and how variation of the microbial life cycle impacts their domestication ... - — Carmen Becerra-RodríguezPia ThieleGauthier BrachAbhishek DuttaMarion GarinGuihong TanVictor LoeglerAnne FriedrichBrenda AndrewsCharles BooneJoseph SchachererJing HouaUMR7156-GMGM, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Strasbourg 67000, FrancebDonnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, CanadacInstitut Universitaire de France, Paris 75005, France 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Pathogenic role of MIF receptor (CD74) expressing T cells in inflammatory arthritis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe significance of our presented work supports the notion that MIF-dependent, CD74+ memory T cells mediate the chronicity of rheumatoid synovitis and the preferential relapse of disease in previously involved joints. Targeting of the MIF/CD74 ... - — Edward DohertyLais OsmaniJoshua BilsborrowJennefer Par-YoungSusanna ChoiPathricia TilstamMin ShinMarta PiecychnaHelen CaiLin LengWan-Uk KimInsoo KangRichard BucalaaDepartment of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520bVeterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516cKorean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea 34054dDepartment of Biomedicine and Health Sci... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Biological causes and impacts of rugged tree landscapes in phylodynamic inference
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceBayesian phylodynamics is central to epidemiological studies, but exploring the complex tree space is computationally challenging. Phylodynamic datasets comprise many highly similar sequences, sampled through time, creating a uniquely ... - — Jiansi GaoMarius BrusselmansLuiz M. CarvalhoMarc A. SuchardGuy BaeleFrederick A. MatsenaComputational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109bDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven B-3000, BelgiumcSchool of Applied Mathematics, Getulio Vargas Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 22250-900, BrazildDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Phase-transition-like behaviors of sequence-selective dynamic bonds
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceSequence-selective dynamic bonds (SSDBs) play a pivotal role in directing structural organization across biological and synthetic systems, yet collective behaviors arising from multiple SSDBs remain elusive. We tackle this issue by combining ... - — Xiaobin DaiYuming WangWenjie WeiZheng JiaoWenlong ChenLinghe ChengLi-Tang YanaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-carbon Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Distinct PlzC mechanisms integrate chemotaxis and c-di-GMP signaling to regulate Vibrio cholerae motility and biofilm formation
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceBacterial motility and biofilm formation critically facilitate adaptation and survival and are regulated by the second messenger c-di-GMP.Vibrio choleraePilZ domain proteins are c-di-GMP effectors, but the mechanisms by which they govern ... - — Jin Hwan ParkEmily N. KennedySarvind TripathiAvery B. RompSeth M. RubinRobert B. BourretFitnat H. YildizaDepartment of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290cDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Hyperglycemia promotes SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of SARM1 to exacerbate diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes with no effective treatments. A defining feature of DPN is early axonal degeneration mediated by sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-... - — Chunyu ChenLiliang ZhuWenxi LiYuefeng JiangZhe ZhangYongjuan ZhaoJinzhong LinWei YuaState Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinacCiechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of M... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Spatially resolved multiomics reveals the self-enforcing property of the leading-edge multicellular ecosystem of head and neck cancer
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves aggressive invasion at the leading edge. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using spatial multiomics techniques, we resolved the self-reinforcing leading-edge multicellular ... - — Zhi-Fei SuChen-Zhou WuHao-Ran DingQi ZhanYong-Bing BaLei ChengJi-Yao LiXue-Dong ZhouLong-Jiang LiLi-Xin ZhangJing LiYi LiBiao RenaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, ChinabDepartment of Oral Comfort Care Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, ChinacDepartment of Head and Nec... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Supersaturation-engineered wafer-scale growth of anisotropic 2D organic crystals for uniform polarimetric sensing
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificancePolarization-sensitive photodetection is vital for quantum communications and advanced imaging but hindered by the challenge of scaling anisotropic organic crystals. We resolve the fundamental paradox in dip coating, that is conflicting ... - — Xianfeng ShenXianshuo WuXimeng YaoChunli MaLingjie SunZhaofeng WangPichao GaoDong ZengWei DengJiansheng JieFangxu YangRongjin LiWenping HuaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Intelligent Sensing, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinabInstitute of Functional Nano... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- A chemogenetic approach for temporal and cell-specific activation of endogenous GPCRs in vivo
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceG protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce diverse physiological effects in different cell types. Many GPCRs are critical for neuromodulation, with their endogenous signaling in distinct neuronal circuits producing specific functional ... - — Gwendolyn ShinglesQianqian PangJian WengRyan SingerWaleed BabarJiaqi ShenLuis Vazquez-RiveraYao ChenPeng LiWenjing WangaLife Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105bDepartment of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105cProgram in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105dDepartment of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110eProgram in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110fD... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Origin of class B J-domain proteins involved in amyloid transactions
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceAcross prokaryotes and eukaryotes, J-domain proteins (JDPs) are key players in Hsp70 chaperone systems that maintain cellular protein homeostasis. The abundant class A and B JDPs have structural similarities, yet their origin has remained ... - — Przemyslaw DomanskiMilena StolarskaKatarzyna KalinowskaDominik PurzyckiBrenda A. SchilkeHubert WyszkowskiMarcin PitekAneta SzymanskaKatarzyna BuryJacek CzubAgnieszka A. KlosowskaElizabeth A. CraigJaroslaw MarszalekBartlomiej TomiczekaIntercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-307, PolandbDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, PolandcDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726dFaculty o... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- ACSS2 upregulation enhances neuronal resilience to aging and tau-associated neurodegeneration
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceEpigenetic mechanisms, including histone acetylation, are crucial for learning and memory, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme generating acetyl-CoA, regulates histone ... - — Naemeh PourshafieDesi C. AlexanderHong XuKechun YangGreg DonahueXue LeiShuo ZhangOksana ShcherbakovaConnor HoganMichael GilbertKevt’her HoxhaLesley ChaboubVirginia M-Y LeePeter D. AdamsJohn A. DaniNancy M. BoniniShelley L. BergeraEpigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104bDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104cCenter for Neurodegenerative Disease R... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- A pothole-filling strategy for selective targeting of rCUG-repeats associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThis work presents a class of triplet nucleic acid ligands that combine the targeting precision of antisense oligonucleotides with the compactness of small molecules to selectively engage expanded CUG-RNA repeats implicated in Myotonic ... - — J. Dinithi R. PereraShivaji A. ThadkeSavani W. ThrikawalaIsha DhamiV. M. HridyaArnab MukherjeeAnanya PaulW. David WilsonKeith W. R. TanNicholas Z. W. ChanAnh Tuân PhanDanith H. LyaDepartment of Chemistry and Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213bDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, IndiacDepartment of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302dSchool of Ph... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Pathogen-inspired engineering of plant protease enhances late blight resistance
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceGenetic engineering to produce crops that are pathogen resistant is an important strategy for world food security. Here, we engineered tomato-secreted immune protease C14 to become less sensitive to inhibition by cystatin-like inhibitor ... - — Jie HuangAlice PenroseLaura Ossorio CarballoRenier A. L. van der HoornaThe Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, United Kingdom 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Static and dynamic rough energy landscapes can lead to identical diffusivity
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceIn a paper published in PNAS in 1988, R. Zwanzig introduced a model of diffusion in a rough potential, in which energy roughness reduces the effective diffusivity. Recently, this model has been used in numerous biophysics studies to reconcile ... - — Dmitrii E. MakarovPeter SollichaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712bOden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712cInstitute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, GermanydDepartment of Mathematics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Self-healing for the long haul: In situ automation delivers century-scale fracture recovery in structural composites
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDelamination damage has long hindered the safety and lifetime of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This failure mode not only undermines their lightweight mechanical advantage but also amplifies the cost and environmental impact of these ... - — Jack S. TuricekZachary J. PhillipsKalyana B. NakshatralaJason F. PatrickaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695bDepartment of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695cDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Mechanisms of the viscosity decrease and increase of aqueous CsCl
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCsCl solutions initially decrease in viscosity as the salt concentration increases from zero. This anomalous viscosity trend has intrigued researchers but has not been explained. We apply two ultrafast spectroscopic techniques; one reports on ... - — Max Moncada CohenLaura KacenauskaiteTristan R. HeckJunkun PanMichael D. FayeraDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bNano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Reactive oxygen species drove red lineage phytoplankton to displace green lineage phytoplankton during the Mesozoic
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceOur research reveals that reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive molecules produced during stress, played a key role in one of Earth’s major evolutionary transitions: the rise of red lineage phytoplankton in the early Mesozoic. These ... - — Yuxi ZhaoMan TongLi TianGenming LuoPing LiHaijun SongZhong-qiang ChenShucheng XieAndreas KapplerSonghu YuanaState Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, ChinabDepartment of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Highly sensitive chemiluminescence imaging of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative models
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe pathological misfolding of proteins is a central event in neurodegenerative diseases. However, developing specific optical probes for each misfolded protein remains challenging, limiting both sensitive detection in biofluids and ... - — Biyue ZhuZhenhua LiuRichard VanHuizhe WangShi KuangYuntao JiaErick Calderon LeonFan YangJing ZhangJun YangHoward HongFleur LoboAstra YuJohnson WangRudolph E. TanziCan ZhangXiaobo MaoYihan ShaoChongzhao RanaAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129bDepartment of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Blood-borne sphingosine 1-phosphate maintains vascular resistance, blood pressure, and cardiac function in mice
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceContraction of resistance arteries in peripheral tissues maintains blood pressure (BP) and facilitates cardiac output distribution according to local metabolic demands. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid that is released from ... - — Ilaria Del GaudioPhilippe BonninEmilie VessiéresEstelle RobidelManuela C. GarciaCoralyne ProuxAlexandre BoutignyVéronique BaudrieHoa T. T. HaLudovic CoutySandrine PlacierIvo CornelissenNicolo FaeddaNesrine MebrekThéo MorelAnja NitzscheTovo DavidStéphanie BaronOlivia LenoirPierre-Louis TharauxMaria-Christina ZennaroLong N. NguyenTimothy HlaDaniel HenrionEric CamereraUniversité Paris Cité, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, INSERM U970, Paris 75015, FrancebPhysiologie Clinique - Explor... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Nonsense-mediated decay controls a negative feedback loop in innate immune sensing
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceNonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a translation-dependent mRNA decay pathway that plays an important role in shaping the transcriptome. In this manuscript, we show that sensing of viral RNA or transfected dsRNA, through intracellular receptors ... - — Simon BoudreaultYahira Rivera-LopezMax B. FerrettiMatthew A. TraceyJames BonnerBertram L. JacobsKristen W. LynchaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bArizona State University-Banner Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, FL 85287 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- A self-wrapping, bioresorbable neural interface for wireless multimodal therapy of localized peripheral nerve injury
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceEmerging classes of high-precision, bioresorbable systems for in vivo treatment of localized peripheral nerve injury mark a significant advance in neural engineering. Critical challenges remain in development of three-dimensional, wireless ... - — Pengchuan LiuLianjie ZhouDian XuDongqi AnYifei LuBofan HuYuting ShaoNingge HuangChengjie GuoLi ChenJinbao LiJiahao LiFuying LiangJunhan LiuGaoshan HuangYongfeng MeiRui LiEnming SongaInstitute of Optoelectronics and College of Future Information Technology, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinabInternational Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots ... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- The major ion chemistry of seawater was closely coupled to the long-term carbon cycle during the Cenozoic
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceDetermining past changes in the composition of seawater is important as seawater chemistry can be thought of as an integrated record of geological processes that drive the carbon cycle. In addition, seawater major ion chemistry data are ... - — David EvansYair RosenthalJonathan ErezHagar HauzerLaura J. CottonXiaoli ZhouRomi NambiarPeter StassenPaul N. PearsonWillem RenemaPratul Kumar SaraswatiJonathan A. ToddWolfgang MüllerHagit P. AffekaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United KingdombDepartment of Marine Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901cDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854dInstitute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew ... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Mutation rate variability in viral populations: Implications for lethal mutagenesis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceRNA viruses mutate at high rates. Some antiviral drugs work by further increasing these rates to unsustainable levels, a process called lethal mutagenesis. In this work, we discover that mutation rates vary significantly throughout viral ... - — Sarah ArcosAdam S. LauringaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Primate-informed neural network for visual decision-making
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceBiologically inspired neural networks offer interpretability but often underperform deep learning models due to limited optimization strategies. Here, we developed a model inspired by the primate dorsal visual pathway and introduced a ... - — Jie SuFang CaiShu-Kuo ZhaoXin-Yi WangTian-Yi QianDa-Hui WangBo HongaQiyuan Laboratory, Beijing 100095, ChinabSchool of Systems Science & State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Mesoscale imaging of the human cerebellum reveals converging regional specialization of its morphology, vasculature, and cytoarchitecture
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe human cerebellum, despite containing the majority of the brain’s neurons, remains underexplored due to its thin and tightly folded cortex. By developing a high-resolution MRI framework that integrates artifact-tolerant acquisition and ... - — Nikos PriovoulosPierre-Louis BazinEmma J. P. BrouwerJorge F. MejiasMatthijs H. S. de BuckAnneke AlkemadeWietske van der ZwaagMatthan W. A. CaanaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The NetherlandsbSpinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BK, The NetherlandscOxford University Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Cli... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Engineered and decellularized human cartilage graft exhibits intrinsic immunosuppressive properties and full skeletal repair capacity
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceTissue engineering creates living substitutes to repair damaged body parts. Patient-specific methods can be costly, slow, and unreliable. A better approach uses special cell lines to produce tissue grafts. After removing the cells, the ... - — Alejandro Garcia GarciaSujeethkumar PrithivirajDeepak Bushan RainaTobias SchmidtSara Gonzalez AntonLaura Rabanal CajalDavid Hidalgo GilMagnus TägilAxel Hyrenius-WittstenMadelene W. DahlgrenRobin KahnPaul E. BourgineaCell, Tissue and Organ Engineering Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund 22362, SwedenbWallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund 22362, SwedencThe Faculty of Medicine, De... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Systematic identification of single transcription factor perturbations that drive cellular and tissue rejuvenation
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCellular rejuvenation through transcriptional reprogramming has emerged as exciting approach to counter aging. However, to date, only a few of rejuvenating transcription factor (TF) perturbations have been identified. In this work, we ... - — Janine SengstackJiashun ZhengTuran AghayevGregor BieriMichael MobarakiJue LinChanghui DengSaul A. VilledaHao LiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143bTetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143cDepartment of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143dDevelopmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143eBakar Aging Research Institute, University of Cal... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Neural substrate of conditioned stimulus for associative learning in the hippocampus
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificancePavlov demonstrated that effective conditioning requires the conditioned stimulus (CS) to slightly precede the unconditioned stimulus (US), but the underlying neural substrates that fulfill this temporal contingency have remained elusive. Here,... - — Kyogo S. KobayashiRen SogabeTsuyoshi TatsukawaJun-nosuke TeramaeNaoki MatsuoaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanbDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapancNonlinear Physics Division, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- M cell–dependent commensal uptake confers encephalitogenic phenotypes on γδT17 cells in Peyer’s patches
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease influenced by complex interactions between genetic and intestinal microbiota. We identify Peyer’s patch (PP) M cells as a critical gateway of commensal bacteria uptake, inducing ... - — Seiga KomiyamaYotaro KodairaRae MaedaYuki SugiuraKoichiro SuzukiAiko SaekiYusuke KinashiHiroyuki OguchiKokona TakanoSatoshi OnawaAko MatsuiEita SasakiKisara Hattori-MuroiShunsuke KimuraYumiko FujimuraYuyo KaTomoyuki OguraKenjiro HanaokaMinako ItoHiroshi WataraiTsuneyasu KaishoNobuyuki UdagawaDaisuke TakahashiKoji HaseaDivision of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, JapanbHuman Biology-Microbiome-Quantum Research Ce... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Assessing cerebral capillary function and stalling using single capillary reporters in ultrasound localization microscopy
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceGrowing evidence indicates that the brain’s microvascular system plays a key role in neurological diseases and aging. This is especially true for capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, that interact directly with neurons. However, imaging ... - — Stephen A. LeeAlexis LeconteAlice WuJoshua KinugasaGerardo Ramos PalaciosJonathan PoréeAbbas F. SadikotAndreas LinningerJean ProvostaDepartment of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, CanadabDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, JapancDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, CanadadMontreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, CanadaeWilliam Cone Laboratory for Neur... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Catalysts and inhibitors of critical transitions in ecological systems
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceCritical transitions—sudden shifts in the state of ecological systems—can trigger phenomena such as desertification, locust outbreaks, and coral reef collapse, with far-reaching ecological and societal consequences. While early warning signals ... - — Yuguang YangGyörgy BarabásSerguei SaavedraAming LiaCenter for Systems and Control, School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinabDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139cDivision of Biology, Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, SwedendInstitute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest H-1121, HungaryeSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501fCenter for Multi-Agent... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- SARS-CoV-2 peptide fragments selectively dysregulate specific immune cell populations via Gaussian curvature targeting
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificancePrevious work has demonstrated that the proteome of SARS-CoV-2 can potentially be a rich source of AMP-like viral fragments, exemplars of which are associated with severe COVID-like inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that ... - — Yue ZhangCarlos Silvestre-RoigHan FuHaleh AlimohamadiTaraknath MandalJonathan W. ChenElizabeth Wei-Chia LuoJaime de AndaAnna Lívia Linard MatosMathis RichterAnna MennellaHongKyu LeeLiana C. ChanYingrui WangNaixin WangHongyu WangXiaohan WangCalvin K. LeeSusmita GhoshTsutomu MatsuiThomas M. WeissTiannan GuoMaomao ZhangDapeng LiMatthew C. WolfgangRobert S. HaganMelody M. H. LiMatthias GunzerAlbert SickmannLoredana FrascaMichael R. YeamanRoberto LandeQiang CuiOliver SoehnleinGerard C. L. WongaDe... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Deep evolutionary conservation of a sex-determining locus without sequence homology
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceSex determination is fundamental to eukaryotic development, yet its molecular mechanisms are remarkably labile, especially in insects. Studying Hymenoptera, the order that includes ants, bees, and wasps, we identified an exception: a primary ... - — Chuanxin YuDean HodappSafira MoogSimon DupontEric DarrouzetClaudia Isabelle Keller ValsecchiThomas Joseph ColganQiaowei PanHugo DarrasaMax Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen 72076, GermanybInstitute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, GermanycInstitut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (UMR 7261) CNRS, University of Tours, Tours 37200, FrancedInstitute of Molecular Biology, Mainz 55128, GermanyeBiozentrum, University of Basel, Basel... 2026-01-05 08:00:00
- Erk5-mediated microglial ferroptosis drives ischemic white matter damage via the Nfatc4–Clptm1l axis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
SignificanceThe therapeutic potential of targeting the Erk5–Nfatc4–Clptm1l axis in ischemic white matter damage was first proved, laying a solid foundation for the clinical translation of Erk5 inhibitors as a treatment strategy. Our study provides ... - — Yun-Hui ChuLu-Yang ZhangJia-Yi HeYa-Fang WangMing-Hao DongYun-Fan YouXiao-Wei PangLi-Fang ZhuHang ZhangLu-Lu XuLian ChenLuo-Qi ZhouJun XiaoKe ShangJian-Ke GongWei WangDai-Shi TianChuan QinaDepartment of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, ChinabKey Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of ... 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Enhanced episodic specificity and socioemotional content in older adults’ everyday autobiographical thoughts
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
Cognitive aging research has long observed that older adults’ autobiographical memories and future thoughts, as assessed in laboratory contexts, lack spatiotemporal detail compared to young adults. Does this pattern also hold in everyday contexts? Across ... - — Vannia A. Puig RiveraEric AndrewsLeelu J. CervantesDelaney FrevelettiMatt HuentelmanMatthew D. GrilliJessica R. Andrews-HannaaPsychology Department, The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721bApplied Psychology Department, Northeastern University, Boston MA 02115cDivision of Early Detection and Prevention, Translational Genomics Research Institute, TGen, Phoenix AZ 85004dEvelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85719eCognitive Science Department, The University of ... 2026-01-08 08:00:00
- Multimetallic synergies in tandem plasmonic photocatalysis
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Dayne F. SweareraDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208bDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208cInternational Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Museum collections provide a temporal record of past genetic variation
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Andrew D. FooteaCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Reframing the axon initial segment: Giant ankyrin-G as a modulator of excitability and plasticity in neurodevelopment
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Angel Y. LopezPaul M. JenkinsaDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- The right environment switches the enzymatic character
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Ku-Lung HsuaDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Unintended consequences of well-intended interventions
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Matjaž PercaFaculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, SloveniabCommunity Healthcare Center Dr. Adolf Drolc Maribor, Maribor 2000, SloveniacDepartment of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreadUniversity College, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Imputing unjustified bulk density values to soils with biochar addition biases soil carbon sequestration estimates
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Daquan SunaInstitute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Correction for He et al., GATA2 facilitates steroid receptor coactivator recruitment to the androgen receptor complex
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Correction for Freitas et al., Impact of baleen whales on ocean primary production across space and time
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Correction for Srivastava et al., Emergent neuronal mechanisms mediating covert attention in convolutional neural networks
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-09 08:00:00
- Correction to Supporting Information for Li et al., p53 deficiency induces MTHFD2 transcription to promote cell proliferation and restrain DNA damage
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Reply to Sun: Real-world bulk density changes support high carbon sequestration potential of biochar
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Jingrui YangKees Jan van GroenigenJun MengXiaoyuan YanLonglong XiaaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, ChinabUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinacDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United KingdomdKey Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Impr... 2026-01-07 08:00:00
- Charting a course for the National Academies and the nation we serve
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- — Marcia McNutt 2026-01-06 08:00:00
- Retraction for Mondal et al., IL-12 p40 monomer is different from other IL-12 family members to selectively inhibit IL-12Rβ1 internalization and suppress EAE
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026.
- 2026-01-07 08:00:00
