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| style="background:#FFFFCC" | This '''ambient ionization''' page does not have content at this time, but you may be able to find information on this topic in the following places:
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{{ambient_see_also}}


==Table of ambient ionization techniques==
{{ambient_refs}}
Tabulated [[ambient ionization]] techniques. Click the header box to sort.


{|class="wikitable sortable" cellpadding="15" width="85%"
<includeonly>[[Category:Ambient ionization]][[Category:Ionization]]</includeonly>
! align="left"| Acronym
! align="left" |Technique
! align="left" |Material Removal
! align="left" |Ionization
! align="left" |Classification
! align="left" |Reference
 
|-
|[[ASAP]]
|[[Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac051470k
 
|-
|[[APTDI]]
|[[Atmospheric pressure thermal desorption/ionization]]
|Heat
|
|[[#Plasma]]
|
 
|-
|[[BADCI]]
|[[Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Two step]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B909072J
 
|-
|[[DAPCI]]
|[[Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B418697D
 
|-
|[[DAPPI]]
|[[Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization]]
|Heat
|[[Photoionization]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac071152g
 
|-
|[[DART]]
|[[Direct analysis in real time]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac050162j
 
|-
|[[DBDI]]
|[[Dielectric barrier discharge ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.027
 
|-
|[[DCBI]]
|[[Desorption corona beam ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B922616H
 
|-
|[[DCI]]
|[[Desorption chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|
 
|-
|[[DEMI]]
|[[Desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization]]
|Solvent extraction
|[[Electrospray]]/[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Multimode]]
 
 
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac9014098
 
|-
|[[DESI]]
|[[Desorption Electrospray Ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|
 
|-
|[[DICE]]
|[[Desorption ionization by charge exchange]]
|Liquid extraction
|
|[[#Extraction]]
|
 
|-
|[[EASI]]
|[[Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|Droplet evaporation
|[[#Extraction]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac701960q
 
|-
|[[EESI]]
|[[Extractive electrospray ionization]]
|Aerosol extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Two step]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/b602614a
 
|-
|[[ELDI]]
|[[Electrospray laser desorption ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.3011
 
|-
|[[HAPGDI]]
|[[Helium atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization]]
|
|
|[[#Plasma]]
|
 
|-
|[[IR-LAMICI]]
|[[Infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac902905v
 
|-
|[[LADESI]]
|[[Laser assisted desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/b715146b
 
|-
|[[LAESI]]
|[[Laser ablation electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac071181r
 
|-
|[[LA-FAPA]]
|[[Laser ablation flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow]]
|Laser
|Plasma
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac801594u
 
|-
|[[LA-ICP]]
|[[Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma]]
|Laser
|Plasma
|[[#Laser]]
|
 
|-
|[[LDAPCI]]
|[[Laser desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization]]
|Laser
|[[APCI]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac020402k
 
 
|-
|[[LDESI]]
|[[Laser desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}
 
|-
|[[LDI]]
|[[Laser desorption ionization]]
|Laser
|
|[[#Other]]
|
 
|-
|[[LEMS]]
|[[Laser electrospray mass spectrometry]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.4226
 
|-
|[[LESA]]
|[[Liquid extraction surface analysis]]
|[[Liquid microjunction]]
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|
 
|-
|[[LIAD-ESI]]
|[[Laser-induced acoustic desorption-electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Acoustic]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac800896y
 
|-
|[[LMJ-SSP]]
|[[Liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe]]
|[[Liquid microjunction]]
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac901098d
 
|-
|[[LSI]]
|[[Laser spray ionization]]
|Laser
|Droplet evaporation
|[[#Other]]
|{{doi}}10.1074/mcp.M900527-MCP200
 
|-
|[[LTP]]
|[[Low temperature plasma]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac801641a
 
|-
|[[MAII]]
|[[Matrix-assisted inlet ionization]]
|Aerosol
|Droplet evaporation
|[[#Other]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac102339y
 
|-
|[[MALDESI]]
|[[Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Laser]]
|http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.003
 
|-
|[[nano-DESI]]
|[[Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization]]
|[[Liquid microjunction]]
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/C0AN00312C
 
|-
|[[ND-EESI]]
|[[Neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization]]
|Gas
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Two step]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/jms.1282
 
|-
|[[PADI]]
|[[Plasma-assisted desorption ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|[[#Plasma]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac070109q
 
|-
|[[PESI]]
|[[Probe electrospray ionization]]
|Solid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Two step]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.3201
 
|-
|[[PS]]
|[[Paper spray]]
|Solid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac902854g
 
|-
|[[RADIO]]
|[[Radiofrequency acoustic desorption and ionization]]
|Acoustic
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Acoustic]]
|{{doi}}10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.024
 
|-
|[[RASTIR]]
|[[Remote analyte sampling transport and ionization relay]]
|Gas
|[[Electrospray]]
|
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac800289f
 
|-
|[[REIMS]]
|[[Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry]]
|Heat
|Charge separation
|[[#Other]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/anie.200902546
 
|-
|[[SACI]]
|[[Surface activated chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|
|{{doi}}10.2174/138620709787315427 
 
|-
|[[SAII]]
|[[Solvent-assisted inlet ionization]]
|Heat
|Droplet evaporation
|[[#Other]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac201982r
 
|-
|[[SPAMS]]
|[[Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry]]
|Aerosol
|[[Laser desorption ionization]]
|[[#Other]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac901208h
 
|-
|[[TM-DESI]]
|[[Transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|[[#Extraction]]
|
 
|}
 
==Classification==
 
From {{doi}}10.1021/cr300309q (Monge, M. E.; Harris, G. A.; Dwivedi, P.; Fernandez, F. M. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. ''Chem. Rev.'' '''2013''', ''113'', 22692308)
 
===Extraction===
"One-step techniques where desorption occurs by solid?liquid extraction processes dynamically followed by ESI, APPI, sonic spray, or CI ion production mechanisms"
 
===Plasma===
"One-step plasma-based techniques involving thermal or chemical sputtering desorption of neutrals working in parallel with chemical ionization mechanisms"
 
===Two step===
"Two-step techniques involving thermal desorption or mechanical ablation followed by secondary ionization"
 
===Laser===
"Two-step techniques involving laser desorption/ablation followed by secondary ionization"
 
===Acoustic===
"Two-step acoustic desorption methods"
 
===Multimode===
"Multimode techniques involving two of the principles in previous categories"
 
===Other===
"One-of-a-kind techniques that do not fit into previous categories"
 
==See also==
*[[Ambient ionization techniques]]
 
==References==
*Badu-Tawiah, A. K., Eberlin, L. S., Ouyang, Z., & Cooks, R. G. (2013). Chemical Aspects of the Extractive Methods of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 64(1), 481505. {{doi}}10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110026
*Monge, M. E., Harris, G. A., Dwivedi, P., & Fernandez, F. M. (2013). Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chemical Reviews, 113(4), 22692308. {{doi}}dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300309q
*Wu, C., Dill, A. L., Eberlin, L. S., Cooks, R. G., & Ifa, D. R. (2012). Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions. Mass Spectrometry Reviews; {{doi}}10.1002/mas.21360
*Harris, G. A., Galhena, A. S., & Fernandez, F. M. (2011). Ambient Sampling/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Applications and Current Trends. Analytical Chemistry, 83, 45084538; {{doi}}10.1021/ac200918u
*Weston, D. J. (2010). Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: current understanding of mechanistic theory; analytical performance and application areas. The Analyst, 135(4), 661668; {{doi}}10.1039/b925579f
<includeonly>[[Category:Ambient ionization]]</includeonly>

Latest revision as of 16:15, 6 October 2025

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