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[[Ambient ionization]] techniques.
! align="left"| Acronym
! align="left" |Technique
! align="left" |Material Removal
! align="left" |Ionization
! align="left" |Reference
|-
{{ambient table }}
|[[ASAP]]
|[[Atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac051470k
|-
|[[BADCI]]
|[[Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B909072J
|-
|[[DAPCI]]
|[[Desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B418697D
|-
|[[DAPPI]]
|[[Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization]]
|Heat
|[[Photoionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac071152g
|-
|[[DART]]
|[[Direct analysis in real time]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac050162j
|-
|[[DBDI]]
|[[Dielectric barrier discharge ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.027
|-
|[[DCBI]]
|[[Desorption corona beam ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/B922616H
|-
|[[DCI]]
|[[Desorption chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|
|-
|[[DEMI]]
|[[Desorption electrospray/metastable-induced ionization]]
|Solvent extraction
|[[Electrospray]]/[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac9014098
|-
|[[DESI]]
|[[Desorption Electrospray Ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|
|-
|[[DICE]]
|[[Desorption ionization by charge exchange]]
|Liquid extraction
|
|
|-
|[[EASI]]
|[[Easy ambient sonic-spray ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|Charge separation
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac701960q
|-
|[[EESI]]
|[[Extractive electrospray ionization]]
|Aerosol extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/b602614a
|-
|[[ELDI]]
|[[Electrospray laser desorption ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.3011
|-
|[[IR-LAMICI]]
|[[Infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac902905v
|-
|[[LADESI]]
|[[Laser assisted desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/b715146b
|-
|[[LAESI]]
|[[Laser ablation electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac071181r
|-
|[[LA-FAPA]]
|[[Laser ablation flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow]]
|Laser
|Plasma
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac801594u
|-
|[[LA-ICP]]
|[[Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma]]
|Laser
|Plasma
|
|-
|[[LDESI]]
|[[Laser desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}
|-
|[[LEMS]]
|[[Laser electrospray mass spectrometry]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.4226
|-
|[[LIAD-ESI]]
|[[Laser-induced acoustic desorption-electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac800896y
|-
|[[LMJ-SSP]]
|[[Liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe]]
|[[Liquid microjunction]]
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac901098d
|-
|[[LTP]]
|[[Low temperature plasma]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac801641a
|-
|[[MALDESI]]
|[[Matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Laser
|[[Electrospray]]
|http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.003
|-
|[[nano-DESI]]
|[[Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization]]
|[[Liquid microjunction]]
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1039/C0AN00312C
|-
|[[ND-EESI]]
|[[Neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization]]
|Gas
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/jms.1282
|-
|[[PADI]]
|[[Plasma-assisted desorption ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Metastable chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac070109q
|-
|[[PESI]]
|[[Probe electrospray ionization]]
|Solid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1002/rcm.3201
|-
|[[PS]]
|[[Paper spray]]
|Solid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac902854g
|-
|[[RADIO]]
|[[Radiofrequency acoustic desorption and ionization]]
|Acoustic
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1016/j.jasms.2008.11.024
|-
|[[RASTIR]]
|[[Remote analyte sampling transport and ionization relay]]
|Gas
|[[Electrospray]]
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac800289f
|-
|[[REIMS]]
|[[Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry]]
|Heat
|Charge separation
|{{doi}}10.1002/anie.200902546
|-
|[[SACI]]
|[[Surface activated chemical ionization]]
|Heat
|[[Chemical ionization]]
|{{doi}}10.2174/138620709787315427
|-
|[[SPAMS]]
|[[Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry]]
|Aerosol
|Laser
|{{doi}}10.1021/ac901208h
|-
|[[TM-DESI]]
|[[Transmission mode desorption electrospray ionization]]
|Liquid extraction
|[[Electrospray]]
|}
==References==
*{{doi}}10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110026
Ambient ionization techniques.
Table of ambient ionization techniques Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques .
Classification From http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr300309q (Monge, M. E.; Harris, G. A.; Dwivedi, P.; Fernandez, F. M. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem. Rev. 2013 , 113 , 2269-2308)
"One-step techniques where desorption occurs by solid?liquid extraction processes dynamically followed by ESI, APPI, sonic spray, or CI ion production mechanisms"
Plasma "One-step plasma-based techniques involving thermal or chemical sputtering desorption of neutrals working in parallel with chemical ionization mechanisms"
Two step "Two-step techniques involving thermal desorption or mechanical ablation followed by secondary ionization"
Laser "Two-step techniques involving laser desorption/ablation followed by secondary ionization"
Acoustic "Two-step acoustic desorption methods"
Multimode "Multimode techniques involving two of the principles in previous categories"
Other "One-of-a-kind techniques that do not fit into previous categories"
Table of spray-based ambient ionization techniques Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques .
Schematic of spray-based ambient ionization Table of laser-based ambient ionization techniques Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques .
Schematic of laser-based ambient ionization Table of plasma-based ambient ionization techniques Click the header box to sort the ambient ionization techniques .
Schematic of plasma-based ambient ionization Table of sampling-based ambient ionization techniques Ambient ionization techniques that use non-laser ambient sampling with electrospray or other post-ionization.
Schematic of ambient sampling for mass spectrometry 
